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Central retinal vein occlusion

AI overview

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is when the central retinal vein becomes occluded, usually through thrombosis.

Key points
  • The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded.
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    The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded.
  • Occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness due to ischemia and edema.
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    such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling).
  • CRVO can cause ocular ischemic syndrome.
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    CRVO can cause ocular ischemic syndrome .
  • CRVO can also cause glaucoma.
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    CRVO can also cause glaucoma .
  • Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form and may progress to the more severe ischemic type.
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    Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.
Symptoms
  • Can cause severe damage to the retina and blindness.
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    such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness
  • May involve ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling).
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    due to ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling).
Diagnosis
  • Despite the role of thrombosis, there is no increased prevalence of thrombophilia in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.
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    a systematic review found no increased prevalence of thrombophilia (an inherent propensity to thrombosis) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.
Treatment
  • Treatment usually consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like Lucentis, intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex), and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation.
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    Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like Lucentis or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually.
  • Underlying conditions also require treatment.
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    Underlying conditions also require treatment.
  • Anti-VEGF drugs ranibizumab and pagatanib sodium showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods with no safety concerns.
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    participants in both treatment groups showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods, with no safety concerns.
Red flags
  • Can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness.
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    such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness
  • Nonischemic CRVO may progress to the more severe ischemic type.
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    It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.
Prognosis

CRVO without ischemia has better visual prognosis than ischemic CRVO.

AI-synthesized from the Wikipedia article “Central retinal vein occlusion”. Not medical advice. Verify source →
Central retinal vein occlusion
Diagram of the eye; retinal vein is number 21.
SpecialtyOphthalmology 

Central retinal vein occlusion, also CRVO, is when the central retinal vein becomes occluded, usually through thrombosis. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded.[1] Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the retina, such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling).[2]

CRVO can cause ocular ischemic syndrome. Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.[3] CRVO can also cause glaucoma.

Despite the role of thrombosis in the development of CRVO, a systematic review found no increased prevalence of thrombophilia (an inherent propensity to thrombosis) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.[4]

Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like Lucentis or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually. Underlying conditions also require treatment. CRVO without ischemia has better visual prognosis than ischemic CRVO.

A systematic review studied the effectiveness of the anti-VEGF drugs ranibizumab and pagatanib sodium for patients with non-ischemic CRVO.[5] Though there was a limited sample size, participants in both treatment groups showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods, with no safety concerns.[5]

  1. ↑ Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell Science 2005.[page needed]
  2. ↑ Hayreh, Sohan Singh; Zimmerman, M. Bridget; Podhajsky, Patricia (1994). "Incidence of Various Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion and Their Recurrence and Demographic Characteristics". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 117 (4): 429–41. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70001-7. PMID 8154523.
  3. ↑ Central Retinal Vein Occlusion at eMedicine
  4. ↑ Romiti, Giulio Francesco; Corica, Bernadette; Borgi, Marco; Visioli, Giacomo; Pacella, Elena; Cangemi, Roberto; Proietti, Marco; Basili, Stefania; Raparelli, Valeria (2020). "Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia in Adults with Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Online first (12): 3249–3266. doi:10.1111/jth.15068. hdl:2434/809252. PMID 32805772. S2CID 221163392.
  5. 1 2 Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB (2014). "Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 (5) CD007325. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub3. PMC 4292843. PMID 24788977.