Ischemic optic neuropathy
Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia).
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ION is classified as anterior or posterior based on the affected part of the optic nerve.
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Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected.
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Visual field loss is usually in the superior or inferior field.
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the latter of which is usually in the superior or inferior field
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In patients under 50, other causes such as juvenile diabetes, clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines should be considered.
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When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered, such as juvenile diabetes mellitus , antiphospholipid antibody -associated clotting disorders , collagen-vascular disease, and migraines
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Patients often complain of loss of visual acuity and visual field.
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People affected will often complain of a loss of visual acuity and a visual field
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Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss developing over hours to days.
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Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss , developing over hours to days.
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Posterior ION is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema, with subsequent optic disc atrophy.
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acute vision loss without initial disc edema , but with subsequent optic disc atrophy
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Examination findings include decreased visual acuity, visual field defect, color vision loss, relative afferent pupillary defect, and swollen optic nerve head.
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Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect , and a swollen optic nerve head
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Posterior ION shows acute vision loss without initial disc edema but with subsequent optic disc atrophy.
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acute vision loss without initial disc edema , but with subsequent optic disc atrophy
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There is no recognized treatment that can reverse the visual loss.
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there is no recognized treatment that can reverse the visual loss
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Optic nerve health decompression may benefit select patients with gradual decline in vision due to ION.
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optic nerve health decompression may be beneficial for a select group of patients with a gradual decline in vision due to ION
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ION in patients under 50 warrants investigation of other underlying causes.
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When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered
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Complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may rarely cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve.
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Rarely, complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve.
| Ischemic optic neuropathy | |
|---|---|
| Optic nerve | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia). Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected. People affected will often complain of a loss of visual acuity and a visual field, the latter of which is usually in the superior or inferior field.[1]
When ION occurs in patients below the age of 50 years old, other causes should be considered, such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, antiphospholipid antibody-associated clotting disorders, collagen-vascular disease, and migraines. Rarely, complications of intraocular surgery or acute blood loss may cause an ischemic event in the optic nerve.[2]
Anterior ION presents with sudden, painless visual loss, developing over hours to days.[3]
Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head. Posterior ION occurs arteritic, nonarteritic, and surgical settings. It is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema, but with subsequent optic disc atrophy.[3]
Although there is no recognized treatment that can reverse the visual loss, upon recent reports, optic nerve health decompression may be beneficial for a select group of patients with a gradual decline in vision due to ION.[4]
- ↑ Bradford, Cynthia A. (2004). Basic ophthalmology (8th ed.). San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology. pp. Chapter 2. ISBN 1560553618.
- ↑ Oria, Veronica. "Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Abstract." Seminars in Neurology and By Monica Rodriguez Fontal, John B. Kerrison, and Reinaldo Garcia. N.p.: Thieme, 2007. N. pag. Print.
- 1 2 "Chapter 7: Ischemic Optic Neuropathy." Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. Ed. Neil R. Miller, Frank Burton Walsh, and William Fletcher Hoyt. Illustrated ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. N. pag. Print.
- ↑ Oria, Veronica. "Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Abstract." Seminars in Neurology. By Monica Rodriguez Fontal, John B. Kerrison, and Reinaldo Garcia. N.p.: Thieme, 2007. N. pag. Print.
- Dictionary of Eye Terminology, Triad Publishing Company, 1990.