Eye transplantation
Eye transplantation is the transplantation of the globe of the human eye from a donor to a recipient.
-
Whole eye transplantation research is focused on living human recipients but still faces obstacles.
source quote
Research efforts in whole eye transplantation (WET) are focused on its application in living human recipients, still some obstacles need to be addressed.
-
There are key ethical concerns around WET, including patient perceptions, risks versus prosthetics, donor identity, consent, and allocation.
source quote
there are key ethical concerns such as patients' perceptions and desires for both nonvision-restoring WET and vision-restoring WET, risks and benefits compared to prosthetic alternatives, psychosocial considerations for potential recipients regarding personal identity related to the donor's eyes, public perceptions of whole-eye donation, implications for corneal transplantation eligibility of the donor's eyes, consent for whole-eye donation, and establishment of ethical mechanisms for allocation and distribution of WET.
-
Understanding of WET is limited by few studies.
source quote
the understanding of WET is informed by a few studies with limitations.
-
Amphibian regeneration cannot be directly applied to humans.
source quote
amphibian regeneration cannot directly apply to humans.
-
An 1885 report described replacing a 17-year-old girl's eye with a rabbit eye.
source quote
In 1885 the Revue générale d'ophtalmologie reported that the staphylomatous and buphthalmic eye of a 17-year-old girl had been replaced by the eye of a rabbit by a Dr. Chibret.
-
That early operation failed after 15 days due to lack of effective immunosuppression.
source quote
The operation failed after 15 days due to a lack of effective immunosuppression
-
A 1969 claim of whole eye transplantation was later retracted.
source quote
In 1969, Conrad Moore of the Texas Medical Center claimed that he had carried out the transplantation of a whole eye, but he subsequently retracted his claim.
-
The first successful eye transplantation was announced by surgeons at NYU Langone Health.
source quote
surgeons at NYU Langone Health announced the first successful eye transplantation
-
The recipient had lost the left side of his face, including his eye, nose, and mouth, in a high-voltage power line accident.
source quote
The recipient, Aaron James, had lost the left side of his face with his eye, nose and mouth in a high-voltage power line accident.
-
The transplanted eye had well-functioning blood vessels and a promising-looking retina.
source quote
Reuters reported that the transplanted eye has "well-functioning blood vessels and a promising-looking retina".
-
Ocular transplants may restore form in facial transplantation patients with enucleated orbits.
source quote
Ocular transplants may offer a viable option for restoring form in patients undergoing facial transplantation with enucleated orbits.
-
The first successful eye transplantation was performed as part of a partial face transplant lasting 21 hours.
source quote
which was carried out as part of a partial face transplant in an operation that took 21 hours.
-
Adult stem cells from the recipient's bone marrow were injected into the optic nerve.
source quote
Adult stem cells have been harvested from his bone marrow and been injected into the optic nerve.
-
The lead surgeon stated the goal was to perform the technical operation, not necessarily vision restoration.
source quote
If some form of vision restoration occurred, it would be wonderful, but ... the goal was for us to perform the technical operation
The eye is not using the optic nerve to communicate with the brain, and James has not regained sight through the eye.
| Eye transplantation | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Ophthalmology, neurosurgery |
| Complications | Transplant rejection |
Eye transplantation is the transplantation of the globe of the human eye from a donor to a recipient.
Research efforts in whole eye transplantation (WET) are focused on its application in living human recipients, still some obstacles need to be addressed. Apart from the surgical and neurological considerations, there are key ethical concerns such as patients' perceptions and desires for both nonvision-restoring WET and vision-restoring WET, risks and benefits compared to prosthetic alternatives, psychosocial considerations for potential recipients regarding personal identity related to the donor's eyes, public perceptions of whole-eye donation, implications for corneal transplantation eligibility of the donor's eyes, consent for whole-eye donation, and establishment of ethical mechanisms for allocation and distribution of WET. With limited studies available on this topic since the first vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA)[1][2][3] took place in 1998, the understanding of WET is informed by a few studies with limitations. For example, amphibian regeneration cannot directly apply to humans. Ocular transplants may offer a viable option for restoring form in patients undergoing facial transplantation with enucleated orbits.[4]
In 1885 the Revue générale d'ophtalmologie reported that the staphylomatous and buphthalmic eye of a 17-year-old girl had been replaced by the eye of a rabbit by a Dr. Chibret.[5][6] The operation failed after 15 days due to a lack of effective immunosuppression.[6]
In 1969, Conrad Moore of the Texas Medical Center claimed that he had carried out the transplantation of a whole eye, but he subsequently retracted his claim.[7]
In November 2023, surgeons at NYU Langone Health announced the first successful eye transplantation,[8] which was carried out as part of a partial face transplant in an operation that took 21 hours.[8] The recipient, Aaron James, had lost the left side of his face with his eye, nose and mouth in a high-voltage power line accident.[8] Reuters reported that the transplanted eye has "well-functioning blood vessels and a promising-looking retina".[8] The eye is not using the optic nerve to communicate with the brain, and James has not regained sight through the eye.[8] Adult stem cells have been harvested from his bone marrow and been injected into the optic nerve.[8] The lead surgeon, Eduardo D. Rodriguez, said that "If some form of vision restoration occurred, it would be wonderful, but ... the goal was for us to perform the technical operation".[8]
- ↑ Brandacher G (October 2018). "Vascularized composite allotransplantation: a field is maturing". Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 23 (5): 559–560. doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000574. PMID 30080699.
- ↑ Toyoda Y, Levin LS (December 2023). "What is needed to ensure long-term sustainability for the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation?". Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 28 (6): 446–451. doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000001114. PMID 37767962. S2CID 263098961.
- ↑ Zor F, Karagoz H, Kapucu H, Kulahci Y, Janjic JM, Gorantla VS (December 2019). "Immunological considerations and concerns as pertinent to whole eye transplantation". Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 24 (6): 726–732. doi:10.1097/MOT.0000000000000713. PMID 31689262. S2CID 207896485.
- ↑ Laspro M, Chaya BF, Brydges HT, Dave N, Thys E, Onuh OC, Tran D, Kimberly LL, Ceradini DJ, Rodriguez ED (April 2023). "Technical Feasibility of Whole-eye Vascular Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review". Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 11 (4) e4946. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000004946. PMC 10129168. PMID 37113307.
- ↑ Maddela NR, Chakraborty S, Prasad R (2021-03-22). Nanotechnology for Advances in Medical Microbiology. Springer Nature. p. 45. ISBN 978-981-15-9916-3.
- 1 2 Sher Y, Maldonado JR (2018-11-22). Psychosocial Care of End-Stage Organ Disease and Transplant Patients. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-94914-7.
- ↑ Blodi CF (2022). "Novel Insights Into the 1969 Whole-Eye Transplant: Medical Ethics and Evolving Safety Mechanisms". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 238: 120–127. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.009. PMID 35038417. S2CID 245982243.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lapid N (9 November 2023). "Surgeons in New York announce world's first eye transplant". Reuters. Retrieved 10 November 2023.